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Himmelreich, Anke, Melissa Jeckel, Katharina Hartmann, Johannes Mursell (2021): Agreement with Coordinated Subjects in the World's Languages [Data set]. Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main (Link: https://www.multivaluation.de/database.php)
Overview
| Language family: | Language isolate
|
| Countries: | Spain, France
|
| Number of speakers: | 750,000
|
| Agreement features: | number, person
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| Attested word orders: | SV
|
| Coordination types: | and, or
|
|
Data Collection
The data were entered by an L2 speaker via an online survey.
Patterns for number
Coordination with ``and''
SV order
Pattern: There is plural marking in all combinations.
| 1st | 2nd | sg | pl
|
| sg | pl | pl
|
| pl | pl | pl
|
Examples:
| (1) | Mutilak | eta | gizonak | korrika | egiten | dute |
|
| boy.sg | and | man.sg | run | prog | aux.3pl |
|
| `The boy and the man run.'
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| (2) | Mutilek | eta | gizonak | korrika | egiten | dute. |
|
| boy.pl | and | man.sg | run | prog | aux.3pl |
|
| `The boys and the man run.'
|
| (3) | Mutilak | eta | gizonek | korrika | egiten | dute. |
|
| boy.sg | and | man.pl | run | prog | aux.3pl |
|
| `The boy and the men run.'
|
| (4) | Mutilek | eta | gizonek | korrika | egiten | dute- |
|
| boy.pl | and | man.pl | run | prog | aux.3pl |
|
| 'The boys and the men run.'
|
Coordination with ``or''
SV order
Pattern: There is plural in all combinations.
| 1st | 2nd | sg | pl
|
| sg | pl | pl
|
| pl | pl | pl
|
Examples:
| (5) | Mutilak | edo | gizonak | korrika | egiten | du. |
|
| boy.sg | or | man.sg | run | prog | aux.3pl |
|
| `The boy or the man run.'
|
| (6) | Mutilek | edo | gizonak | korrika | egiten | dute. |
|
| boy.pl | or | man.sg | run | prog | aux.3pl |
|
| `The boys or the man run.'
|
| (7) | Mutilak | edo | gizonek | korrika | egiten | dute. |
|
| boy.sg | or | man.pl | run | prog | aux.3pl |
|
| `The boy or the men run.'
|
| (8) | Mutilek | edo | gizonek | korrika | egiten | dute. |
|
| boy.pl | or | man.pl | run | prog | aux.3pl |
|
| 'The boys or the men run.'
|
Patterns for person
Coordination with ``and''
SV order
Pattern: Mismatching person seems to be resolved following the hierarchy 1 > 2 > 3. (Number is resolved to plural.)
| 1st | 2nd | 1 | 2 | 3
|
| 1 | | 1pl | 1pl
|
| 2 | 1pl | |
|
| 3 | 1pl | |
|
Examples:
| (10) | Zuk | eta | nik | korrika | egiten | dugu. |
|
| you | and | I | run | prog | aux.1pl |
|
| `You and I run.'
|
| (11) | Nik | eta | zuk | korrika | egiten | dugu. |
|
| I | and | you | run | prog | aux.1pl |
|
| `I and you run.'
|
| (12) | Guk | eta | beraiek | korrika | egiten | dugu. |
|
| we | and | they | run | prog | aux.1pl |
|
| `We and they run.'
|
| (13) | Beraiek | eta | guk | korrika | egiten | dugu. |
|
| they | and | we | run | prog | aux.1pl |
|
| `They and we run.'
|
Coordination with ``or''
SV order
Pattern: Mismatching person seems resolved following the hierarchy 1 > 2 > 3. (Number is resolved to plural.)
| 1st | 2nd | 1 | 2 | 3
|
| 1 | | 1pl | 1pl
|
| 2 | 1pl | |
|
| 3 | 1pl | |
|
Examples:
| (14) | Zuk | edo | nik | korrika | egiten | dugu. |
|
| you | or | I | run | prog | aux.1pl |
|
| `You or I run.'
|
| (15) | Nik | edo | zuk | korrika | egiten | dugu. |
|
| I | or | you | run | prog | aux.1pl |
|
| `I or you run.'
|
| (16) | Guk | edo | beraiek | korrika | egiten | dugu. |
|
| We | or | they | run | prog | aux.1pl |
|
| `We or they run.'
|
| (17) | Berak | edo | guk | korrika | egiten | dugu. |
|
| they | or | we | run | prog | aux.1pl |
|
| `They or we run.'
|