CATALAN
Download as
Cite as
Himmelreich, Anke, Melissa Jeckel, Katharina Hartmann, Johannes Mursell (2021): Agreement with Coordinated Subjects in the World's Languages [Data set]. Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main (Link: https://www.multivaluation.de/database.php)
Overview
| Language family: | Indo-European (Romance)
|
| Countries: | Spain, Andorra, France, Italy
|
| Number of speakers: | 4.1 million
|
| Agreement features: | number, person
|
| Attested word orders: | SV, VS
|
| Coordination types: | and, or
|
|
Data Collection
The data were entered by a native speaker via an online survey.
Patterns for number
Coordination with ``and''
SV order
Pattern: The number on the verb is plural in all cases.
| 1st | 2nd | sg | pl
|
| sg | pl | pl
|
| pl | pl | pl
|
Examples:
| (1) | El | noi | i | l'home | corren. |
|
| the.sg | boy.sg | and | the-man.sg | run.3pl |
|
| `The boy and the man run.'
|
| (2) | Els | nois | i | l'home | corren. |
|
| the.pl | boy.pl | and | the-man.sg | run.3pl |
|
| `The boys and the man run.'
|
| (3) | El | noi | i | els | homes | corren. |
|
| the.sg | boy.sg | and | the.pl | man.pl | run.3pl |
|
| `The boy and the men run.'
|
VS order
Pattern: The number on the verb is plural in all cases.
| 1st | 2nd | sg | pl
|
| sg | pl | pl
|
| pl | pl | pl
|
Examples:
| (5) | | Corren | el | noi | i | l'home |
|
| | run.3pl | the.sg | boy.SG | and | the-man.sg |
|
| `The boy and the man run.'
|
| (6) | Corren | els | nois | i | l'home. |
|
| run.3pl | the.pl | boy.pl | and | the-man.sg | |
|
| `The boys and the man run.'
|
| (7) | Corren | el | noi | i | els | homes. | |
|
| run.3pl | the.sg | boy.sg | and | the.pl | man.pl |
|
| `The boy and the men run.'
|
Coordination with ``or''
SV order
Pattern: With two singular conjuncts, the verb is singular. If the two conjuncts mismatch in number, number is resolved to plural.
| 1st | 2nd | sg | pl
|
| sg | sg | pl
|
| pl | pl | pl
|
Examples:
| (8) | El | noi | o | l'home | corre. |
|
| the.sg | boy.sg | or | the-man.sg | run.3sg |
|
| `The boy or the man run.'
|
| (9) | Els | nois | o | l'home | corren. |
|
| the.pl | boy.pl | or | man.sg | run.3pl |
|
| `The boys or the man run.'
|
| (10) | El | noi | o | els | homes | corren. |
|
| the.sg | boy.sg | or | the.pl | man.pl | run.3pl |
|
| `The boy or the men run.'
|
VS order
Pattern: With two singular conjuncts, the verb is singular. If the two conjuncts mismatch in number, the number of the first conjunct which is closer to the verb matches the number on the verb.
| 1st | 2nd | sg | pl
|
| sg | pl/sg | pl/sg
|
| pl | pl/sg | pl/sg
|
Examples:
| (12) | | Corre | el | noi | o | l'home |
|
| | run.3sg | the.sg | boy.SG | or | the-man.sg |
|
| `The boy and the man run.'
|
| (13) | Corren | els | nois | o | l'home. |
|
| run.3pl | the.pl | boy.pl | or | the-man.sg | |
|
| `The boys and the man run.'
|
| (14) | Corre | el | noi | o | els | homes. | |
|
| run.3sg | the.sg | boy.sg | or | the.pl | man.pl |
|
| `The boy and the men run.'
|
Patterns for person
Coordination with ``and''
SV order
Pattern: In all cases person is resolved to first person. (Note: number is resolved to plural.)
| 1st | 2nd | 1 | 2 | 3
|
| 1 | | 1pl | 1pl
|
| 2 | 1pl | |
|
| 3 | 1pl | |
|
Examples:
| (15) | Tu | i | jo | correm. |
|
| you | and | I | run.1pl |
|
| `You and I run.'
|
| (16) | Jo | i | tu | correm. |
|
| I | and | you | run.1pl |
|
| `I and you run.'
|
| (17) | Nosaltres | i | ells | correm. |
|
| we | and | they | run.1pl |
|
| `We and they run.'
|
| (18) | Ells | i | nosaltres | correm. |
|
| they | and | we | run.1pl |
|
| `They and we run.'
|
VS order
Pattern: In all cases, person seems to be resolved according to the hierarchy 1 > 2 > 3. (Note: number is resolved to plural.)
| 1st | 2nd | 1 | 2 | 3
|
| 1 | | 1pl | 1pl
|
| 2 | 1pl | | 2pl
|
| 3 | 1pl | 2pl |
|
Examples:
| (19) | Correm | tu | i | jo. |
|
| run.1pl | you | and | I | |
|
| `You and I run.'
|
| (20) | Correm | ell | i | jo. |
|
| run.1pl | he | and | I |
|
| `He and I run.'
|
| (21) | Correu | tu | i | ell. |
|
| run.2pl | you | and | he | |
|
| `You and he run.'
|
| (22) | Correu | ell | i | tu. |
|
| run.2pl | he | and | you |
|
| `He and you run.'
|
Coordination with ``or''
SV order
Pattern: In all cases person is resolved to first person. (Note: Number is resolved to plural.)
| 1st | 2nd | 1 | 2 | 3
|
| 1 | | 1pl | 1pl
|
| 2 | 1pl | |
|
| 3 | 1pl | |
|
Examples:
| (23) | Tu | o | jo | correm. |
|
| you | or | I | run.1pl |
|
| `You or I run.'
|
| (24) | Jo | o | tu | correm. |
|
| I | or | you | run.1pl |
|
| `I or you run.'
|
| (25) | Nosaltres | o | ells | correm. |
|
| we | or | they | run.1pl |
|
| `We or they run.'
|
| (26) | Ells | o | nosaltres | correm. |
|
| they | or | we | run.1pl |
|
| `They or we run.'
|
VS order
Pattern: You get closest conjunct agreement, whereas resolved conjunct agreement is also accepted.
| 1st | 2nd | 1 | 2 | 3
|
| 1 | | 2sg/1pl | 3sg/1pl
|
| 2 | 1pl/2sg | | 2sg/2pl
|
| 3 | 1pl/3sg | 2sg/3sg/2pl |
|
Examples:
| (27) | Corres | tu | o | jo. |
|
| you | or | I | run.1pl |
|
| `You or I run.'
|
| (28) | Correm | tu | o | jo. |
|
| I | or | you | run.1pl |
|
| `I or you run.'
|
| (29) | Corre | ell | o | jo. |
|
| we | or | they | run.1pl |
|
| `We or they run.'
|
| (30) | Correm | ell | o | jo. |
|
| they | or | we | run.1pl |
|
| `They or we run.'
|
| (31) | Correu | ell | o | tu. |
|
| run.2pl | he | or | you |
|
| `He or you run.'
|
| (32) | Corres | tu | o | ell. |
|
| run.2sg | you | or | he. |
|
| `Yiu or he run.'
|