CHACOBO
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Himmelreich, Anke, Melissa Jeckel, Katharina Hartmann, Johannes Mursell (2021): Agreement with Coordinated Subjects in the World's Languages [Data set]. Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main (Link: https://www.multivaluation.de/database.php)
Overview
Language family: | Panoan
|
Countries: | Bolivia
|
Number of speakers: | several hundreds
|
Agreement features: | number, person
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Attested word orders: | SV, VS
|
Coordination types: | and
|
|
Data Collection
The data were entered by an L2 speaker via an online survey. (Data by: Adam Tallmann)
Patterns for number
Coordination with ``and''
SV order
Pattern: With two singular conjuncts, the number on the verb is singular. If there is a mismatch between the number of the conjuncts, number is resolved to plural.
1st | 2nd | sg | pl
|
sg | sg | pl
|
pl | pl | pl
|
Examples:
(1) | honi | yá | haβaki | bakɨ
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| man | and | run.sg | boy |
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| `The boy and the man run.'
|
(2) | honi | yá | haβakaki | bakɨ | | bo |
|
| man | and | run.pl | boy | pl |
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| `The boys and the man run.'
|
(3) | bakɨ | | yá | haβakaki | honi | | bo |
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| boy | and | run.pl | man | pl |
|
| `The boy and the men run.'
|
VS order
Pattern: With two singular conjuncts, singular marking on the verb is fine. If the two conjuncts mismatch in number, number is resolved to plural.
1st | 2nd | sg | pl
|
sg | sg | pl
|
pl | pl | pl
|
Examples:
(4) | haβaki | bakɨ | | honi | yá |
|
| run.sg | boy | man | and |
|
| `The boy and the man run.'
|
(5) | haβakáki | bakɨ | | honi | tíʔi | | | | | bo |
|
| run.pl | boy | man | and | pl |
|
| `The boy and the man run.'
|
(6) | haβakáki | | bakɨ | | honi | | tíʔi | bo |
|
| run.pl | boy | man | and | pl |
|
| `The boys and the men run.'
|
Patterns for person
Coordination with ``and''
SV order
Pattern: If one conjunct is assigned first person, the verb form matches first person. In all other cases person does not seem to influence the agreement on the verb.
1st | 2nd | 1 | 2 | 3
|
1 | | 1pl | 1pl
|
2 | 1pl | |
|
3 | 1pl | |
|
Examples:
(7) | mibɨtá | habakía. |
|
| you-and | run.1sg |
|
| `You and I run.'
|
(8) | ɨβɨtá | habáki | mía |
|
| I-and | run.sg | you |
|
| `I and you run.'
|
(9) | hatobɨtá | | haβáki | noa |
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| they-and | run.sg | we |
|
| `We and they run.'
|
(10) | hatobɨtá | | haβáki | noa |
|
| they-and | run.sg | we |
|
| `They and we run.'
|