MODERN GREEK
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Cite as
Himmelreich, Anke, Melissa Jeckel, Katharina Hartmann, Johannes Mursell (2021): Agreement with Coordinated Subjects in the World's Languages [Data set]. Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main (Link: https://www.multivaluation.de/database.php)
Overview
| Language family: | Indo-European (Hellenic)
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| Countries: | Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Balkans, Black Sea coast, Eastern Mediterranean, Southern Italy
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| Number of speakers: | 13.4 million
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| Agreement features: | number, person
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| Attested word orders: | SV
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| Coordination types: | and, or
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Data Collection
The data were entered by a native speaker via an online form.
Patterns for number
Coordination with ``and''
SV order
Pattern: Number is resolved to plural in all cases.
| 1st | 2nd | sg | pl
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| sg | pl | pl
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| pl | pl | pl
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Examples:
| (1) | To | aɣori | ce | ce | o | andras | trexun. |
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| the.sg | boy.sg | and | the.sg | man.sg | run.3pl |
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| `The boy and the man run.'
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| (2) | Ta | aɣorʝa | ce | o | andras | trexun. |
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| the.pl | boy.pl | and | the.sg | tman.sg | run.3pl |
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| `The boys and the man run.'
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| (3) | To | aɣori | ce | i | andres | trexun. |
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| the.sg | boy.sg | and | the.pl | man.pl | run.3pl |
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| `The boy and the men run.'
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Coordination with ``or''
SV order
Pattern: There is closest conjunct agreement.
| 1st | 2nd | sg | pl
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| sg | sg | pl
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| pl | sg | pl
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Examples:
| (6) | To | aɣori | i | o | andras | trechi. |
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| the.sg | boy.sg | or | the.sg | man.sg | run.3sg |
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| `The boy or the man run.'
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| (7) | Ta | aɣorʝa | i | o | andras | trechi. |
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| the.pl | boy.pl | or | the.sg | man.sg | run.3sg |
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| `The boys or the man run.'
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| (8) | To | aɣori | i | i | andres | trexun. |
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| the.sg | boy.sg | or | the.pl | man.pl | run.3pl |
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| `The boy or the men run.'
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Patterns for person
Coordination with ``and''
SV order
Pattern: Mismatching person seems to be resolved following the hierarchy 1 > 2 > 3. (Number is resolved to plural.)
| 1st | 2nd | 1 | 2 | 3
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| 1 | | 1pl | 1pl
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| 2 | 1pl | |
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| 3 | 1pl | |
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Examples:
| (11) | Esi | ki | eɣo | trexume. |
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| you | and | I | run.1pl |
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| 'You and I run.'
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| (12) | Eɣo | ki | esi | trexume. |
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| I | and | you | run.1pl |
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| 'I and you run.'
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| (13) | Emis | ki | afti | trexume. |
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| we | and | they | run.1pl |
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| 'We and they run.'
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| (14) | Afti | ki | emis | trexume. |
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| they | and | we | run.1pl |
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| 'They and we run.'
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Coordination with ``or''
SV order
Pattern: In combinations of 1st and 2nd person, mismatching person is resolved following the hierarchy 1 > 2 > 3. In combinations of 1st and 3rd person, there is closest conjunct agreement. (Number is resolved to plural.)
| 1st | 2nd | 1 | 2 | 3
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| 1 | | 1pl | 3pl
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| 2 | 1pl | |
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| 3 | 1pl | |
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Examples:
| (15) | Esi | i | eɣo | trexume. |
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| you | or | I | run.1pl |
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| `You or I run.'
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| (16) | Eɣo | i | esi | trexume. |
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| I | or | you | run.1pl |
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| `I or you run.'
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| (17) | Emis | i | afti | trechun. |
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| we | or | they | run.3pl |
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| `We or they run.'
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| (18) | Afti | i | emis | trexume. |
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| they | or | we | run.1pl |
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| `They or we run.'
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