PALATINE GERMAN
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Himmelreich, Anke, Melissa Jeckel, Katharina Hartmann, Johannes Mursell (2021): Agreement with Coordinated Subjects in the World's Languages [Data set]. Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main (Link: https://www.multivaluation.de/database.php)
Overview
| Language family: | Indo-European (Germanic)
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| Countries: | Germany (Southwest Palatinate, Rheinpfalz)
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| Number of speakers: | ca. 1 million
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| Agreement features: | number, person
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| Attested word orders: | SV
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| Coordination types: | and, or
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Data Collection
The data were entered by a native speaker via an online survey.
Patterns for number
Coordination with ``and''
SV order
Pattern: The number on the verb is plural in all cases.
| 1st | 2nd | sg | pl
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| sg | pl | pl
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| pl | pl | pl
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Examples:
| (1) | Der | Buh | unn | der | Mann | renne. |
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| the.sg | boy.sg | and | the.sg | man.sg | run.3pl |
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| `The boy and the man run.'
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| (2) | Die | Buwe | unn | der | Mann | renne. |
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| the.pl | boy.pl | and | the.sg | man.sg | run.3pl |
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| `The boys and the man run.'
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| (3) | Der | Buh | unn | die | Männer | renne. |
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| the.sg | boy.sg | and | the.pl | man.pl | run.3pl |
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| `The boy and the men run.'
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| (4) | Die | Buwe | unn | die | Männer | renne. |
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| the.pl | boy.pl | and | the.pl | man.pl | run.3pl |
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| `The boys and the men run.'
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Coordination with ``or''
SV order
Pattern: With two singular conjuncts, the verb is singular or plural. If the two conjuncts mismatch in number, number is resolved to plural.
| 1st | 2nd | sg | pl
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| sg | sg/pl | pl
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| pl | pl | pl
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Examples:
| (7) | Der | Buh | odder | der | Mann | rennt/renne. |
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| the.sg | boy.sg | or | the.sg | man.sg | run.3sg/run.3pl |
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| `The boy or the man run.'
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| (8) | Die | Buhwe | odder | der | Mann | renne. |
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| the.pl | boy.pl | or | the.sg | man.sg | run.3pl |
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| `The boys or the man run.'
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| (9) | Der | Buh | odder | die | Männer | renne. |
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| the.sg | boy.sg | or | the.pl | man.pl | run.3pl |
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| `The boy or the men run.'
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| (10) | Die | Buwe | odder | die | Männer | renne. |
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| the.pl | boy.pl | or | the.pl | man.pl | run.3pl |
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| `The boys or the men run.'
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Patterns for person
Coordination with ``and''
SV order
Pattern: In all cases person is resolved to 1st/3rd person. (Notes: 1st and 3rd plural are syncretic. Number is resolved to plural.)
| 1st | 2nd | 1 | 2 | 3
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| 1 | | 1/3pl | 1/3pl
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| 2 | 1/3pl | |
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| 3 | 1/3pl | |
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Examples:
| (13) | Du | unn | isch | renne. |
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| you | and | I | run.1/3pl |
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| `You and I run.'
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| (14) | Isch | unn | du | renne. |
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| I | and | you | run.1/3pl |
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| `I and you run.'
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| (15) | Mehr | unn | sie | renne. |
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| we | and | they | run.1/3pl |
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| `We and they run.'
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| (16) | Sie | unn | mehr | renne. |
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| they | and | we | run.1/3pl |
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| `They and we run.'
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Coordination with ``or''
SV order
Pattern: In all cases person is resolved to 1st/3rd person. (Notes: 1st and 3rd plural are syncretic. Number is resolved to plural.)
| 1st | 2nd | 1 | 2 | 3
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| 1 | | 1/3pl | 1/3pl
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| 2 | 1/3pl | |
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| 3 | 1/3pl | |
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Examples:
| (17) | Du | odder | isch | renne. |
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| you | or | I | run.1/3pl |
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| `You or I run.'
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| (18) | Isch | odder | du | renne. |
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| I | or | you | run.1/3pl |
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| `I or you run.'
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| (19) | Mehr | odder | sie | renne. |
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| we | or | they | run.1/3pl |
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| `We or they run.'
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| (20) | Sie | odder | mehr | renne. |
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| They | or | we | run.1/3pl |
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| `They or we run.'
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